Basic Network Commands and their Usage [Introduction]

The internet changes very quickly; for that reason, stepping back to the basics is very important. As you may know, the internet is no more than a collection of interconnected networks.
In this post I will show a list of basic network commands. Even if you haven’t used any of these before, it is useful to know they exist. As always, increasing your knowledge is the better way to achieve your goals.
To run these commands, open a command prompt:


  1. Click Start and then click Run (or Winkey+R.)
  2. Type cmd and press Enter.

arp -a

This tool handles the resolution of a IP to a physical address. The command gives a list of IPs and physical addresses on your local network.

ipconfig /all

This is the main network tool. Using without parameters gives you basic information about your network. With the all parameters, a more detailed information about DNS, DHCP, and other network settings appears.

ipconfig /renew

This command renews the IP that a DHCP server has assigned to your computer. This is the command that Windows uses when it tells you that is trying to solve a problem with the network.

ipconfig /flushdns

Your computer has a table with the names of computers and their corresponding IP addresses. This command will remove all the entries on that table. It’s very useful if you change your DNS servers.

ipconfig /displaydns

This command display the content of the table we were talking before.

netstat -nab

With this basic command, you can know every open port on your computer and the executable that has the port opened. In Windows 7 this command needs Administration rights (Click Start, type cmd, right click cmd.exe and click Run as administrator.)

netstat -r

Display the routing table.

ping

The easiest way to know if one of your computers is connected to the network.

tracert

Informs about the route to a remote host. The problem about tracert is that this uses a specific port that can be blocked in the route.
If you want to know if you can establish a connection between you and a router port use:
This is an incredible light and useful tool.

pathping

A better version of tracert that gives you statics about packet lost and latency.

nslookup

With this tool you can check your DNS servers. For example, imagine you are experiencing a problem with your current DNS and it cannot resolve the address www.mintywhite.com. You can test it with nslookup and use other DNS servers to try to resolve the address.
This program can inform about a PC name given his IP address.
There are many more commands (for example telnet), but I think these are the basic ones. What commands do you use and what purpose do they serve?

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